Bias beyond Borders:
Global Inequalities in AI-Generated Music

This page contains audio samples that demonstrate the biases found in our paper "Bias beyond Borders: Global Inequalities in AI-Generated Music". We present four challenging regional genres using examples from four state-of-the-art music generation models (Suno, Mureka, Riffusion, Udio), which performed worse on niche musical styles and generated songs that are perceptually closer to tracks from other (often more mainstream) genres.

Each row consists of the following components:

  • Prompt: The musical style prompt from the GlobalDISCO dataset that was used as input to the model.
  • Reference: A YouTube track from the artist whose musical style the prompt describes. This serves as a ground truth example.
  • Generated: The audio output from the AI model based on the prompt.
  • Nearest Neighbor: The closest YouTube track from a mainstream genre (pop or rock). The distance between audio tracks was calculated and aggregated across multiple embedding spaces.

Opera

Suno

Prompt

“classical, opera, choral, mezzo soprano, contralto, mexican.”

Reference

Generated

Suno Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Mureka

Prompt

“Italian music, opera, vocal music. Celebrated Italian operatic tenor. Lyric and dramatic tenor roles, Western European traditions.”

Reference

Generated

Mureka Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Riffusion

Prompt

“Classical, opera, female vocals.”

Reference

Generated

Riffusion Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Udio

Prompt

“classical, opera, mezzo soprano, lyric/dramatic singing, grand utterance. Belgian.”

Reference

Generated

Udio Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Soukous

Suno

Prompt

“Congolese rumba, soukous, finger-picked guitar, Congolese guitar style.”

Reference

Generated

Suno Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Mureka

Prompt

“Congolese soukous, rumba soukous. Guitar, male vocals.”

Reference

Generated

Mureka Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Riffusion

Prompt

“Congolese female vocalist, soukous, afro-pop, mutuashi, central african, african traditions, worldbeat.”

Reference

Generated

Riffusion Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Udio

Prompt

“Congolese rumba soukous, International, African Traditions, Central African, male vocals with a unique "broken voice" style.”

Reference

Generated

Udio Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Anatolian Rock

Suno

Prompt

“Turkish prog-rock, anatolian rock, 1970s.”

Reference

Generated

Suno Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Mureka

Prompt

“Turkish prog-rock, anatolian rock, 1970s.”

Reference

Generated

Mureka Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Riffusion

Prompt

“anatolian rock, pop/rock, 1960s Turkish music.”

Reference

Generated

Riffusion Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Udio

Prompt

“Turkish alternative rock, modern Anatolian rock, indie rock, punk rock. Male vocalist, rhythm guitar, lead guitar, bass guitar, drums.”

Reference

Generated

Udio Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Pub Rock

Suno

Prompt

“Australian rock, pub rock, post-punk, art-funk. Alternative rock with a tribal sound, noisy guitar, driving bass, and a horn section. Male vocals.”

Reference

Generated

Suno Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Mureka

Prompt

“Australian hard rock, pub rock, and rock & roll. Proto-punk energy with heavy metal elements.”

Reference

Generated

Mureka Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Riffusion

Prompt

“Irish new wave, punk rock, power pop, pub rock. Mixing punky energy with new wave sophistication.”

Reference

Generated

Riffusion Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Udio

Prompt

“Australian hard rock, pub rock, and AOR sound with male vocals.”

Reference

Generated

Udio Logo

Nearest Neighbor

Note: Due to regional differences of YouTube, not all video links are accessible everywhere. We tested the accessibility of our presented samples from US, UK, Spain, and Switzerland. Last checked availability was on 21 September 2025.